Extending the material presented in this chapter to the analysis of ac machines is straightforward, involving a minimum of trigonometric manipulations. The three phase loads currents are converted in the dq0axes by a rotational frame synchronous with the equation 2. Simulation of threeleg vsc based dstatcom for power. Design and simulation of synchronous reference frame based.
Implementation of synchronousreferenceframe theorybased. The synchronous fundamental dq frame theory application for. Kulkarni, journaljournal of emerging technologies and innovative research, year2016. Power quality improvement by unified power quality. Synchronous reference frame algorithm there are different control strategies being used for the calculation of reference currents in active power filter namely instantaneous reactive power theory pq theory, unity power factor method, one cycle control, fast fourier technique. Eliminates rotor position dependence inductances and capacitances. Pdf power quality improvement by unified power quality. Induction motor, reference frame theory, matlabsimulink, simulation, synchronous reference frame, stationary reference frame. Synchronous reference frame phaselocked loop srfpll is a commonly used threephase pll in gridconnected power converters. Some of the classical control algorithms are fryze power theory, budeanu theory, pq theory and srf theory,, lyapunovfunctionbased control, the nonlinear control technique and feed forward training etc. The inductance of synchronous and induction machines are functions of rotor speed and the coefficient equations of voltage and current are represented in differential equations describing the time varying behavior of these machine. Pat any point of time, a power system operating condition should be stable, meeting various operational criteria and it should be secure in the event of any contingency. Due to the increasing number of non linear load had dropped a serious. The motor model was derived in the stationary reference frame and then in the rotor reference frame using park transformation.
Chapter 2 reference frame theory analysis of synchronous. Now the question comes that with what speed this reference frame should rotate and how do we determine that. Performance analysis of dstatcom compensator using control techniques for load compensation 153 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 2 1 1 1. In this paper, the srf strategy is used to generate current reference for compensation of the threephase shunt active power filter sapf currents under distorted andor imbalanced source voltages in steady state. Courses generally teach about synchronous machines by introducing the steadystate per phase equivalent circuit without selection from analysis of synchronous machines, 2nd edition book. Analysis and modelling of an induction machine with a. It is built by choosing some constant time hypersurface as an origin, such that has in every point a normal along the time line lies inside the light cone with an apex in that point. The simulation results obtained showed that the method used for deciding initial conditions was very effective.
Reference frames and transformations for rotating machines. Design and simulation of upqc by synchronous reference frame. This reference frame is commonly referred to as the synchronously rotating reference frame. Focusing on reference frame theory that has been at the core of this work since the first edition, this volume goes a step further, introducing new material relevant to machine design along with numerous techniques for making the derivation of equations more direct and easy to use.
Synchronous reference frame theory based model predictive control for grid connected photovoltaic systems sathiyanarayanan t. As explained in literature survey, there are many theoriesmethods available for reference current generation. The srfpll is used to estimate the frequency and phase of the grid voltage. A model of a threephase threewire shunt active power filter based on synchronous reference frame control strategy has been designed and simulated on matlabsimulink. Space vectorbased synchronous machine modeling zhengyu wang, lingling fan department of electrical engineering university of south florida tampa, florida 33620 email. Fundamental tool for rigorous development of equivalent circuits. Dynamic voltage restorer using synchronous reference frame theory.
The proposed system is comprised of series and shunt inverters which can compensate the sag, swell and unbalance voltage, harmonics and also the reactive power. If theta is the transformation angle, the transformation is defined by. Now in a fully revised and expanded edition, this widely used reference on machine analysis boasts many changes designed to address the varied needs of engineers in the electric machinery, electric drives, and electric power industries. Artificial neural network based synchronous reference frame theory in the dq 0 axes for reference harmonic currents. Modeling and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous. The theory and modelling of the compensator based on current harmonic components at the load end and their decomposition in dq axis frame of reference are utilized in the reference current generation algorithm. Design and simulation of three phase shunt active power. The theory of reference frames has been effectively used as an efficient approach to analyze the performance of the induction electrical machines. This includes transformations to rotating reference frames and a new transformation to twoaxis compoenents.
A dvr is simulated in matlabsimulink using synchronous reference frame theory. Synchronous machine structures stator and rotor the armature winding of a conventional synchronous machine is almost invariably on the stator and is usually a three phase winding. The electric torque t e corresponds to the net airgap power in the machine and thus accounts for the total output power of the generator plus i 2 r losses in the armature winding. Stationary reference frame an overview sciencedirect. Harley department of electrical engineering, university of natal, king george v avenue, durban 4001 south africa received april 9, 1984 summary this paper presents the equations of three preferable reference frames for use in the. What is the concept of synchronous reference frame theory and. In fact, a given synchronous machine may be used, at least theoretically, as an alternator, when driven mechanically or as a motor, when driven electrically, just as in the case of d. Jan 27, 2020 what is the concept of synchronous reference frame theory revolving reference frame induction motor application of the reference frame theory to dynamic modelling and analysis of squirrel cage induction motor with.
The adalinebased algorithm is an adaptive method for extracting. Reference frame theory power of reference frame theory. Modeling free acceleration of a salient synchronous machine using twoaxis theory abdullah h. The synchronous reference frame theory srft based method 8 is used for the control of dstatcom.
This article proposes new and simplified unit templates instead of standard phase locked loop pll for synchronous reference frame theory control algorithm srft. Harmonics, synchronous reference frame srf theory, svpwm. Block diagram of the adaline theory for calculation of templates the voltage at pcc is sensed. Akca and lingling fan, senior member, ieee abstractthis paper investigates a nonlinear simulation model of a synchronous machine derived from space vector.
Sep 01, 20 this common reference frame is also called arbitrary reference frame. Reference frames commonly used in the analysis of electric machines and power system components include arbitrary, stationary, rotor, and synchronous reference frames. Fall 2005 ee595s electric drive systems 2 reference frame theory power of reference frame theory. The proposed sgdft based phase detection shows a robust phase tracking capability with fast transient response under adverse situation of the grid. The proposed paper contains design and simulation of srf based control for closed loop control of dc to ac conversion and generation of enhanced pwm signals using psim and matlab. Derivation of dc machine systems from the generalized machine electrical and mechanical equations. During this period the rotor moves at synchronous speed. A synchronous reference theory srf in the srf 5, the load current signals are transformed into the conventional rotating frame dq.
A reference frame in which the time coordinate defines proper time for all comoving observers is called synchronous. Reference frame theory general concept of reference frame transformation synchronously rotating frame as an example commonly used reference frames. The voltage at pcc is converted to rotating reference frame using abcdqo conversion. Modeling of synchronous machines for system studies a thesis for the degree of doctor of philosophy, 1999. Dynamic voltage restorer using synchronous reference frame. Synchronous reference frame control algorithm based four. The synchronous reference frame theory or dq theory is based on timedomain reference signal estimation techniques. D, q reference frames for the simulation of induction motors. Dynamic modeling of induction motor using rotor rotating. Performance analysis of dstatcom compensator using control techniques for load compensation. The most efficient ways of generating reference current are pq theory and synchronous reference frame theory srf. Unit amplitude sine and cosine signals are output from the pll using the estimated phase. Sensored field oriented control of 3phase permanent magnet synchronous motors using tms320f2837x. Synchronous machines 2 in this chapter, we concentrate on conventional synchronous machines whereas the brushless dc motors will be discussed later in a separate chapter.
Transforms nonlinear systems to linear systems for certain cases. Harmonic mitigation using modified synchronous reference. The advantages of reference frame transformation w converters also refer to appendix b for detailed analysis dc drives linearized machine equations speed control 3. To improve the performance of the pi controller, the feedback. Analysis of electric machinery and drive systems wiley. Jun 12, 2014 this article proposes new and simplified unit templates instead of standard phase locked loop pll for synchronous reference frame theory control algorithm srft. This masters thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the electrical and computer engineering at. Synchronous reference frame theory based model predictive. In this paper a generalized model of a three phase induction motor is implemented arbitrary reference frame, two speeds reference frames were used synchronous and stationary, it.
Modeling free acceleration of a salient synchronous machine. Reference frames stator attached alphabeta, synchronous reference frame, arbitrary speed reference frame power invariance and nonpower invariance. Design and simulation of upqc by synchronous reference. In order to calculate harmonics, current imbalance and reactive power of the load currents are extracted and transformed in to dq0 variables. Machine equations in operational impedances and time constants. It performs the operation in steadystate or transient state as well as for generic voltage and current waveforms. Nonlinear load used in this paper is universal bridge which is a three leg circuit consisting of 6. Clarke transformation he transformed a change of variables associated with the stationary circuits to a variables associated with stationary reference frame. However, certain control strategies may require the adoption of a specific frame, as is the case of vector control where the reference frame is attached to the rotor flux vector. Jun 17, 20 using this approach, many of the basic concepts and interpretations of this general transformation are readily and concisely established.
Using a modern approach based on reference frame theory, it provides a thorough analysis of electric machines and switching converters. Unfortunately, the analysis of ac machines becomes involved at selection from analysis of synchronous machines, 2nd edition book. Now the question comes that with what speed this reference frame should rotate and how do. Harmonic mitigation using modified synchronous reference frame. The control strategy for the unified power quality conditioner is based on the synchronous reference frame srf 8, 9 theory.
D, q reference frames for the simulation of induction motors r. The main concept as the name suggests is to have a frame which rotates at a synchronous speed. In this paper, synchronous reference frame theory is used for the control of the dstatcom. It has been shown that the speed of rotation of the d. Analysis of electric machinery and drive systems, third. Courses generally teach about synchronous machines by introducing the steadystate per phase equivalent circuit without a clear, thorough presentation of the source of this circuit representation, which is a crucial aspect. For synchronous reference frame control, four pi units are needed to control both positive and negativesequence current. Elimination of harmonics using active power filter. Design and simulation of upqc by synchronous reference frame theory considering loading of series and shunt inverters.
Implementation of synchronousreferenceframe theory. What is the concept of synchronous reference frame theory. Unit ii reference frame theory 16 november 2012 1prbdept. A system of reference frames and associated transformations is introduced for the presentation of electrical machine equations taking cognizance of all winding mmf harmonics. Control algorithm for shunt active power filte r using.
A simulation based case study for control of dstatcom. Using this approach, many of the basic concepts and interpretations of this general transformation are readily and concisely established. This execution time in control algorithm delays the extraction of reference. Synchronous reference frame srf theory is coined long back. Sensored field oriented control of 3phase perm magnet sync. The method relies on the performance of the proportionalintegral pi controller for obtaining the best control performance of the sapf. Pdf synchronous rotating frame based controller for three. It allows controlling the active power filters in realtime system.
In this study, unified power quality conditioner upqc is designed and simulated by synchronous reference frame theory. Nonlinear loads introduce the harmonics in the power system. Jun 17, 20 introducing a new edition of the popular reference on machine analysis. Pdf simulink representation of induction motor reference frames. The differential equations describing behavior of the synchronous. This common reference frame is also called arbitrary reference frame. The synchronous reference frame theory is appropriate for the control of sapf 11. The fourleg compensator topology is controlled by synchronous reference frame srf based control algorithm. Synchronous reference frame detection and hysteresis control for active power filters riya philip pg student peps, department of eee, amal jyothi college of engineering, kanjirapally, kerala, india abstract.
Power quality means maintaining purely sinusoidal current wave form in phase with a purely sinusoidal. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a threephase four leg shunt active power filter sapf using artificial neural network ann based synchronous reference frame theory srf in. The 3leg igbt based vsc with a dc capacitor is designed for compensation the harmonics and reactive currents in the load current. Accordingly, the source current waveform is made to follow the reference current waveform using a highfrequency, carrierbased. Synchronous reference frame theory for non linear loads. Unit template synchronous reference frame theory based. The model is built to show acceleration from zero speed to nominal speed. Pdf a synchronous reference frame theoryspace vector. According to the synchronous fundamental dq frame theory, the park transform is used to make the transition from the threephase coordinate system of the current obtained from the current transducers, to a twophase orthogonal coordinate system rotating at an imposed speed 12. Introduction pat any point of time, a power system operating condition should be stable, meeting various operational criteria and it should be secure in the event of any contingency. Compensator using control techniques for load compensation mr. This paper presents the application of a simulation tool to analyze the effectiveness of a filter in harmonics currents suppression in real time power system. Power quality improvement by unified power quality conditioner based on csc topology using synchronous reference frame theory.
Srfbased algorithms are used to extract the threephase compensation reference amaljith m k, senthil kumar r synchronous reference frame control algorithm based four. Dynamic voltage restorer using synchronous reference. The dqz transform is the product of the clarke transform and the park transform, first proposed. Pdf synchronousreferenceframebased control method for. Mohamed labib awad department of electrical and computer engineering university of toronto, toronto, canada abstract this thesis proposes a new method for modeling synchronous machines for systein studies and analysis. Analysis of induction machine synchronous reference frame with currents as. These methods are an instantaneous reactive power theory, a synchronous reference frame theory, and a new adalinebased algorithm. Sensored field oriented control of 3phase perm magnet. Pdf unit template synchronous reference frame theory based. Today major voltage related problem in the electrical industry is voltage sag. Synchronous reference frame theory for non linear loads using. Here we have worked on modified synchronous reference frame msrf theory. Design of synchronous reference frame phase locked loop.
The sense voltage is filtered through a band pass filter and the instantaneous rms value is computed. The next step is to transform the original stator and rotor abc frames of reference into a common k or dq frame in which the new variables for voltages, currents, and fluxes. Pdf artificial neural network based synchronous reference. Brereton transformation for a induction machine he proposed a change of variables associated with the stator windings of a induction machine to a variables associated with the reference frame fixed in the rotor. Modeling of synchronous machines university of toronto t.
Can be used to make ac quantities become dc quantities. Reference frame theory general concept of reference frame transformation. Alternatively, electronic sensors can be used to determine the shaft position relative to the synchronous reference frame associated with the stator voltage. Design of synchronous reference frame phase locked loop srf. Using low pass filterlpf harmonics and oscillatory components of voltage are eliminated. The directquadraturezero dqz or dq0 or dqo, sometimes lowercase transformation or zerodirectquadrature 0dq or odq, sometimes lowercase transformation is a tensor that rotates the reference frame of a threeelement vector or a threebythree element matrix in an effort to simplify analysis. These transformations reduce to the wellknown transformations of generalized machine theory. Reference frame theory analysis of synchronous machines. Aug 14, 2017 synchronous reference frame srf theory is coined long back.
This theory and all the steps are presented and described in detail in the previous work 9. This advanced text and industry reference covers the areas of electric power and electric drives, with emphasis on control applications and computer simulation. Synchronous reference frame theory for active power filter. This is also called as reference current generation theory. In this theory controlling of the threephase converters using the rotating frame theory by converting the source voltage and current to direct and quadrature axis is done.
What is the concept of synchronous reference frame theory revolving reference frame induction motor application of the reference frame theory to dynamic modelling and analysis of squirrel cage induction motor with. The stationary twophase variables of clarkes transformation are denoted as. The resultant signal can be displayed on an oscilloscope or recorded with a dataacquisition system. The reference frame transformation is evaluated by converting a threephase abc stationery reference frame system to the synchronous reference frame system dq0 whose twophase direct axis d and quadratic axis q component rotate in space at synchronous speed. On design and implementation of three phase three level. Analysis of synchronous machines, second edition is a thoroughly modern treatment of an old subject. Pdf this paper presents a new synchronousreferenceframe srfbased. In contrast, only two pr units are required in stationary reference frame, where current sequence extraction is not needed any more due to the ability of pr controllers to regulate ac signals. To understand that we need to understand the usefulness of this theory.